{"id":2291,"date":"2020-07-15T11:17:33","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T09:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/?page_id=2291"},"modified":"2025-01-17T10:53:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T09:53:03","slug":"ebla-mardikh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/ebla-landscape\/ebla-mardikh\/","title":{"rendered":"EBLA-mardikh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"slider-wrapper relative\" id=\"slider-1616104331\" >\n    <div class=\"slider slider-nav-reveal slider-nav-large slider-nav-light slider-style-normal\"\n        data-flickity-options='{\n            \"cellAlign\": \"center\",\n            \"imagesLoaded\": true,\n            \"lazyLoad\": 1,\n            \"freeScroll\": false,\n            \"wrapAround\": true,\n            \"autoPlay\": 6000,\n            \"pauseAutoPlayOnHover\" : true,\n            \"prevNextButtons\": false,\n            \"contain\" : true,\n            \"adaptiveHeight\" : true,\n            \"dragThreshold\" : 10,\n            \"percentPosition\": true,\n            \"pageDots\": false,\n            \"rightToLeft\": false,\n            \"draggable\": false,\n            \"selectedAttraction\": 0.1,\n            \"parallax\" : 0,\n            \"friction\": 0.6        }'\n        >\n        \n\n\n  <div class=\"banner has-hover\" id=\"banner-1948307827\">\n          <div class=\"banner-inner fill\">\n        <div class=\"banner-bg fill\" >\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"7013\" height=\"4963\" src=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_04.jpg\" class=\"bg attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\" \/>                                    \n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\n        <div class=\"banner-layers container\">\n            <div class=\"fill banner-link\"><\/div>            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n            \n<style>\n#banner-1948307827 {\n  padding-top: 300px;\n}\n#banner-1948307827 .banner-bg img {\n  object-position: 100% 63%;\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n     <\/div>\n\n     <div class=\"loading-spin dark large centered\"><\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-1072971226\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1434154168\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2>Ebla\u2019s Landscape &#8211; Tell Mardikh\/Ebla and its surroundings<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebla.it\/\">Tell Mardikh\/Ebla<\/a> (35\u00b047&#8217;59.84&#8243;N, 36\u00b047&#8217;53.10&#8243;E), located 55 km south-west of Aleppo, is the ancient Bronze Age city of Ebla, one of the great urban centres of the ancient Near East; royal archives (originally) consisting of more than 5,000 cuneiform tablets dating from the 24<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> century BC have been found there. 47 years of archaeological research (1964-2010) at the site uncovered the outstanding remains of a 60-hectare urban centre, destroyed three times and rebuilt twice between c. 2700 BC and 1600 BC (Early to Middle Bronze Age).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The archaeological landscape around Ebla investigated by the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ECP<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> covers an area of approximately 3500 km<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, encompassing three ecological zones, with 114 documented sites dating from the Early Bronze Age (EBA) to the end of the Iron Age (IA). The three main ecological zones are: 1) the limestone and basalt foothills around Tell Mardikh\/Ebla (Area A); 2) the Matkh depression (Area B); 3) the steppe region to the east, up to the el-Hass and Shbeyt ranges (Area C).<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1467235998\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-895123498\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1203659690\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_01-566x800.jpg\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner image-cover dark\" style=\"padding-top:49%;\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"566\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_01-566x800.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_01-566x800.jpg 566w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_01-283x400.jpg 283w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_01-768x1085.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1203659690 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Map of Northern Levant showing the geographical position of Tell Mardikh\/Ebla<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1124051370\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1035191469\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_02-1131x800.jpg\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner image-cover dark\" style=\"padding-top:49%;\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"721\" src=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_02-1131x800.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_02-1131x800.jpg 1131w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_02-565x400.jpg 565w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_02-768x543.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1035191469 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Aerial detailed photo of Tell Mardikh\/Ebla in a satellite imagery Cartosat-1 (September 27, 2009); 2.5 m resolution. \u00a9MAIS<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The results of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ECP<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> analysis suggest a general intensification in the number and size of settlements from around the mid-3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rd<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> millennium BC, when nearly all the areas with a potential for agro-pastoral exploitation were occupied, including the arid region of the Syrian steppe. During this timespan, Ebla developed from a powerful city-state to the capital of a territorial state (EB IVA, c. 2700-2300 BC), extending its influence over an extensive area\u00a0 ranging from the Middle Euphrates to the Hama region. The disruption of the EB IVA system following the destruction of the \u201cFirst Ebla\u201d (c. 2300 BC) did not result in a generalized crisis; conversely, the uninterrupted occupation of several sites and the strong homogeneity of the material culture suggest aspects of marked continuity with the previous period. A very different settlement pattern from that of the Early Bronze Age seems to characterize the Middle Bronze Age (MBA, 2000-1600 BC), with widespread urbanization and the emergence of ever larger centres, strangely located quite close to one another. These apparent dissimilarities in settlement patterns, reflecting the quite different political and administrative organization of the Ebla territory during the Middle Bronze Age, remain to be explored. Similarly, the general settlement crises that affected the region during the Late Bronze Age (LBA, c. 1600-1200 BC) following the destruction of the \u201cThird Ebla\u201d need to be studied analytically. While Ebla progressively became a rural settlement during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age (IA, c. 1200-539 BC), other sites such as Tell Afis (the Biblical Hazrek) emerged as regional centres.<\/span><\/p>\n\t<div id=\"gap-440757995\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-440757995 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1150361606\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1906264467\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1922853897\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig_03-1130x800.jpg\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner image-cover dark\" style=\"padding-top:49%;\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig_03-1130x800.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig_03-1130x800.jpg 1130w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig_03-565x400.jpg 565w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig_03-768x544.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1922853897 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>Distribution of sites in the Ebla Chora, showing the three main ecological zones. \u00a9MAIS<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-844486206\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_966460243\">\n\t\t<a class=\"image-lightbox lightbox-gallery\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_04-1130x800.jpg\">\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner image-cover dark\" style=\"padding-top:49%;\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_04-1130x800.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_04-1130x800.jpg 1130w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_04-565x400.jpg 565w, https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Fig_04-768x544.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t\n<style>\n#image_966460243 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>Distribution of sites in the Ebla Chora, according to size (EB IV), with an Aster GDem v.2 photograph (2011) in the background. \u00a9MAIS<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-500534901\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1739247101\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/ebla-landscape\/\" class=\"button primary is-outline expand\"  >\n\t<i class=\"icon-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i>\t<span>EBLA-LANDSCAPE<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-700917601\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1188981517\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/ebla-landscape\/ebla-metodo\/\" class=\"button primary is-outline expand\"  >\n\t\t<span>Project Methodology<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><\/i><\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2285,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2291","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2291"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3037,"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2291\/revisions\/3037"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orienteantico.unimi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}